What does the bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (Zephyr) procedure involve?

This minimally invasive procedure involves placing one-way endobronchial valves (Zephyr) into specific airways of the most hyperinflated lung lobes via a bronchoscope passed through the mouth. The valves allow trapped air and secretions to escape but prevent air from re-entering, causing the targeted lobe to collapse and reduce lung volume. This improves diaphragm mechanics and allows healthier lung tissue to function more efficiently. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia or moderate sedation and typically takes 30–60 minutes.