Why have TAVR performed in China specifically?

China offers TAVR at a significantly lower cost—approximately $32,000—compared to $50,000–$80,000 in the U.S. or Western Europe, even including travel and accommodation. Many Chinese cardiology centers, especially in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou, are equipped with latest-generation valves and hybrid operating rooms, and perform high procedure volumes (often 100–300 TAVRs annually per center). Surgeons and interventional cardiologists receive extensive training, often in collaboration with international experts, and maintain outcomes comparable to global benchmarks. Patients benefit from shorter wait times and comprehensive pre- and post-procedure care in accredited JCI or ISO hospitals.