What are the risks and recovery expectations?

Common risks include vascular complications at the catheter insertion site, bleeding, stroke, heart rhythm disturbances requiring a permanent pacemaker, and paravalvular leak. Major complications are rare but can be serious. Recovery is generally faster than open surgery: most patients are hospitalized for 5–7 days, with the first 24–48 hours in a monitored unit. After discharge, a 4–6 week recovery period is typical, during which patients gradually resume daily activities but avoid heavy lifting or strenuous exercise. Follow-up includes echocardiograms and medication adjustments to prevent blood clots.