What does the CRT-D implantation procedure involve?

CRT-D, or cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillator, is a minimally invasive procedure where a small device is implanted under the skin near the collarbone. Leads (thin wires) are guided through veins to specific areas of the heart—the right atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle via the coronary sinus—to coordinate contractions and deliver a shock if a dangerous arrhythmia occurs. The procedure typically takes 2-3 hours under local anesthesia with sedation, and patients stay in the hospital for 3-5 days for monitoring and initial programming.