What does the microsurgical TESE procedure involve?

Microsurgical TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction) is a minimally invasive procedure performed under an operating microscope. A small incision is made in the scrotum to expose the testicle, and the surgeon uses high magnification to identify and extract individual seminiferous tubules most likely to contain sperm. The retrieved tissue is immediately processed in the lab to isolate viable sperm for direct use in ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) during IVF. The procedure typically takes 1–2 hours under local or general anesthesia, with a same-day or next-day discharge.