What are the risks and recovery expectations after PCNL?

Common risks include bleeding (requiring transfusion in about 1–3% of cases), infection, fever, or injury to surrounding organs (rare). Most patients experience mild to moderate pain and blood in urine for a few days. Full recovery typically takes 2–3 weeks, during which you should avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activity. A temporary nephrostomy tube or ureteral stent may be placed to aid drainage and is removed in a follow-up visit.