What does the laparoscopic hepatectomy with ICG fluorescence guidance involve?

This is a minimally invasive surgery where the surgeon makes several small incisions in the abdomen rather than a large open cut. A laparoscope (a thin tube with a camera) is inserted to view the liver. Indocyanine green (ICG) dye is injected intravenously; it accumulates in liver tumors and fluoresces under near-infrared light, allowing the surgeon to precisely identify and remove only the cancerous tissue while sparing healthy liver. The procedure typically takes 2–4 hours under general anesthesia.