Hyperthyroidism / Graves Disease

What is I-131 for Graves' Disease?

Radioactive iodine is selectively taken up by thyroid cells, delivering targeted internal radiation that reduces thyroid function. A single oral dose permanently treats hyperthyroidism in most patients — the most effective definitive treatment for Graves' disease.

Why China?

• Cost: $800-$1,800 vs. $2,500-$6,000 in the US
• High nuclear medicine volume: China is the world's largest producer of I-131
• Comprehensive endocrine support: Integrated pre/post treatment care
• Short isolation period: Outpatient or 1-2 day stay

Who is a candidate?

• Graves' disease (preferred over surgery in most adults)
• Toxic multinodular goiter or toxic adenoma
• Relapsed hyperthyroidism after anti-thyroid drugs
• Contraindications: pregnancy, breastfeeding, active thyroid eye disease

Outcomes

Cure of hyperthyroidism: 80-90% single dose, >95% with second dose if needed. Hypothyroidism development: 60-80% within 1 year (expected — manageable with levothyroxine). Thyroid eye disease worsening: 15% (can be mitigated with prednisone prophylaxis).